Burundi: Malaria Distribution Map

Malaria interventions coverage

Source: MICS 2000 and MICS 2005

I. Epidemiological background

Parasite (Plasmodium) types	The main parasite is Plasmodium falciparum.
Main vector (mosquito) types	An. Funestus, An.Nili, An. Arabiensis, An. Coustani, An. Pharoensis, An. Gambiae, An. Moucheti Moucheti
Malaria Transmission Season:	The transmission season lasts for 3-7 months between May and November. It covers the entire country, but this duration is longer in the Southern part and shorter in the Northern part of the country.
Total population	8,227,302 (2007)
Population at risk	18,227,302 (2007)
~ 100% of the Population lives in areas at risk of malaria.
Pregnant women at risk of malaria	367,956 ( 2006)
Children under five at risk of malaria	1,148,144 (2007)
Transmission	Malaria transmission in Eritrea is highly seasonal and unstable
Number of estimated malaria / fever cases	1,435,251 (2007)
Number of reported malaria episodes	2, 265, 970 (2006)
Malaria deaths (all ages)	2005 (Year 2006)
Number of reported U5 malaria cases	847,897 (2007)
Child under 5 malaria mortality (per 100,000)	73 (2005)
Infant mortality (per 1000)	120 (2005)*

*Source: MICS 2005

II. Current Policy and Strategy

Primary interventions: Policy

Case management

1st line treatment Artesunate Amodiaquine (AS+AQ) 2nd line treatment Quinine

Prevention

Vector control programme combining IRS and ITN

III. Primary interventions

[+] Insectiside-treated nets (ITNs) coverage

[+] Indoor Residual House Spraying (IRS)

From October 2000 to March 2001, a large malaria epidemic occurred in the Burundian highlands [1], with 2.9 million registered cases over a population of 6.7 million. Between 1,000 to 8,900 probable malaria deaths were reported in three highland provinces, representing between 51% to 78% of the overall mortality [2]. This epidemic was the result of a combination of different factors including land use changes, population movements, climate variability, deteriorating health systems and malnutrition, further compounded by a high level of resistance against the main drugs chloroquine (CQ) and sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP).

[+] View data

Indicator name	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
IRS coverage (%)	95.6	94.6	92.9	94.9	92.9	94.9	93.2	94.4
Malaria Incidence rate	46.5	42.1	35.1	30.2	24.9	32.4	29.5	15.5

IV. Challenges and Priority support needs (2008 - 2010)

Challenges Lack of formal National Malaria Program Sustainability on ACT provision Implementation of treatment policy in private sector Lack of pediatric form of AS+AQ and Fixed-Dose Combination (FDC) IPT implementation in the context of high resistance to SP Rational ACT management in remote health facilities with shortage of skilled health workers for laboratory diagnosis Stock outs of antimalarial drugs due to inaccurate quantification and effective logistics Because of weaknesses, the health information system (HIS) does not capture accurate data for impact measurement Support needs (TA and Finance) Advocacy to government to establish a NMCP Maintaining achieved grant management performance; Other funding source mobilization More involvement of private sector: sensitization, increase availability of ACT, etc. Training (microscopy, use of RDTs, pharmacy management, logistics, data management) Set up a database; revise the data collection forms Support for development of M & E plan Support for LLIN mass distribution campaign Develop guidelines for IRS strategies Support for development of PSM

V. Key RBM Partners in Burundi

The MOH works in collaboration with partners such as:

• WHO (TA, Financial support)
• UNICEF (Commodities, Financial support)
• The Global Fund (TA, Commodities, Financial support)
• ITM : Institute of Tropical Medicine (Institutional Collaboration: Research Joint Project)
• AED: Academy for Educational Development (IEC: Educational Material)
• PSI: Population Services International (LLIN Social Marketing, Research, BCC)
• UNITAID (ACT)
• DFID (Essential medicines)
• Swiss Tropical Institute/Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation STI/SDC (Health system strengthening in Ngozi Province)

Source: Malaria Control Burundi
Malaria Control Burundi, Malaria epidemics and interventions, Kenya, Burundi, southern Sudan, and Ethiopia, 1999-2004
Death rates from malaria epidemics, Burundi and Ethiopia

For questions, contact Ms Nadia Lasri, RBM Partnership facilitation
Dr James Banda, RBM Partnership facilitation Coordinator,
Dr Dismas Bazaa, National Malaria Control Programme Manager

RESOURCES & LINKS:

Serveys
MICS 2005
MICS 2000

Malaria treatment protocols:
WHO Global AMDP database

Malaria contry profiles
WHO/AFRO
DFID

Online publications:
PubMed

Maps:
MARA/ARMA Burundi maps